Understanding 9 Common Food Allergies And Their Health Impact

Food allergies are becoming more common in India, affecting adults and children. Although the exact national numbers may differ, there is a growing number of reports regarding allergies to common foods such as dairy, seafood, and nuts. Food allergies are more common due to environmental variables, dietary practices, early exposure to allergenic foods, etc. The danger is further increased by a lack of knowledge and delayed symptom detection since many people may only become aware of their allergy after a severe reaction. 

Thus, controlling and reducing the risks related to food allergies in India is based on understanding these factors and promoting allergy awareness. Through this blog, please explore the most common food allergies, including their symptoms, so you can be cautious about them.

Table Of Contents

1. 9 Most Common Food Allergies Among People Today

2. Dietitian’s Recommendation

3. The Final Say

4. FAQs

5. References

9 Most Common Food Allergies Among People Today

Globally, there are eight foods that cause the most common food allergies, and they are referred to as "The Big Eight." Let’s have a look at each of them: 

1. Milk

It is one of the most common allergens, especially in children. Milk allergy is caused by a reaction to proteins in milk, most commonly casein (alpha-S1) and whey proteins (alpha-lactalbumin). 

Symptoms include itching, vomiting, and allergic reactions. Most people's allergies disappear as they age, but in some, they continue throughout their lives. People allergic to milk and milk products are often called lactose intolerant. 

2. Eggs

Egg allergies are triggered by proteins in egg whites, mainly ovalbumin, ovomucoid, and lysozyme. These proteins can bind to immune system cells (mast cells), causing histamine release and allergic symptoms. In children, reactions range from rashes to breathing problems. Boiling eggs can reduce allergic proteins, but caution is still required. You must avoid eggs (egg whites and yolks) if you have an egg allergy.

3. Peanuts

Peanut allergies are caused by proteins in peanuts, particularly Ara h 2 and Ara h 8. It is known to cause a severe and potentially life-threatening condition called anaphylaxis.  Peanut allergies are often life-long, and any product containing peanuts should be strictly avoided. People allergic to peanuts should have prompt peanut allergy treatments such as Epipen ready. 

4. Tree Nuts

Similar to peanut allergies, tree nut (almonds, walnuts, and cashews) allergies are caused by proteins specific to each nut (e.g., amandin in almonds). These proteins can trigger immune system reactions. Compared to other tree nuts, allergies to cashews and pistachios can result in severe reactions, even in lower amounts.

5. Soy

Soy allergies are a reaction to soy proteins, like glycinin and beta-conglycinin. They are often found in processed foods, are more common in children, and can cause symptoms that can be mild as well as severe. Soy may also be found in bread, cookies, soups, breakfast cereals, high-protein energy bars and snacks, low-fat peanut butter and processed meats, so read the contents of the packaging before you consume it.

Also Read: Casein Allergy: Causes, Symptoms, And Ways To Prevent It 

7. Wheat

Wheat allergies target gluten, a group of proteins (gliadin and glutenin) in wheat that trigger an immune response in the small intestine. This disrupts the gut lining and hinders nutrient absorption. It is essential to distinguish wheat intolerance from celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. Gluten-free options are widely available today to combat gluten allergies.

Also Read: 7-Day Gluten-Free Diet Plan & Benefits For Beginners | ToneOp 

8. Fish

Fish allergies react to specific fish proteins (parvalbumin is a common culprit). Symptoms range from mild reactions such as itching and hives to severe allergic reactions that can be life-threatening and are caused by tuna, salmon, and cod. Unlike childhood allergies, which disappear with age, fish allergies can persist into adulthood.

It is important for people with this allergy to avoid eating any type of fish and to take emergency medications such as epinephrine in the event of an injury.

9. Shellfish

Shellfish allergies target proteins like tropomyosin in crustaceans (shrimp, crab) and molluscs (clams, mussels). Like fish allergies, these proteins trigger immune cell reactions leading to allergic symptoms. It includes crustaceans (shrimp and crab) and molluscs (clams and clams). Shellfish allergies can be severe and often life-threatening. 

Note: Fish and shellfish allergies are different. Fish like tuna are seafood, whereas clams and lobster are shellfish. Even though they are both classified as "seafood," fish and shellfish are distinct biological entities.

Also Read: Immunotherapy For Allergies: Know 6 Benefits, Considerations And Safety Profile! 

Dietitian’s Recommendation

If you have food allergies, avoid all allergens and read food labels carefully. Discuss dietary restrictions openly with your partners. Bring an epinephrine auto-injector if you have a prescription. Consult a professional to ensure the food is safe and effective.

                                                                                       Dt. Akshata Gandevikar

The Final Say

To conclude this blog on the most common food allergies, it is important to understand that they can significantly impact your health, causing mild discomfort or even life-threatening reactions. If you suspect a food allergy, consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and management. Recognising common allergens and their effects, you can make informed choices to keep yourself safe and enjoy a healthy diet.

FAQs

1. Mention the top 20 food allergies.

The top 20 food allergies are:

• Milk

• Eggs

• Peanuts

• Tree nuts (e.g., almonds, walnuts)

• Soy

• Wheat

• Fish

• Shellfish (e.g., shrimp, crab)

• Sesame

• Mustard

• Celery

• Lupin

• Sulfites

• Corn

• Gelatin

• Red meat (alpha-gal syndrome)

• Sunflower seeds

• Poppy seeds

• Avocado

• Banana

2. Are food allergies life-threatening?

 Yes, in some individuals, food allergies might cause life-threatening health issues.

References

• https://www.fda.gov/food/food-labeling-nutrition/food-allergies

• https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/food-allergies.html

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