What Is MSG In Food? Learn Its 5 Effects On Your Digestive System!

Renowned for enhancing flavours, MSG, a form of glutamate, is a widely used substance used to improve the flavour of food. It intensifies the natural taste of ingredients and makes dishes tastier. Despite its widespread use, debates surrounding MSG in food safety and potential health effects have led to diverse perceptions among consumers. This is why understanding monosodium glutamate's (MSG) role in food preparation and its impact on taste perception is essential to making necessary adjustments in modern cuisine.   

As consumers become highly conscious of the ingredients in their food and their health implications, the discourse surrounding MSG in food continues to evolve. While some people avoid MSG due to its adverse reactions, others embrace its ability to enhance flavours and create more enjoyable dining experiences. Amidst these differing perspectives, it is essential to critically evaluate expert opinions on how MSG enhances flavour before including it in one's diet.  

To address this concern, this blog explores the effects of Foods with MSG (Monosodium Glutamate) on taste and other health implications, keeping health goals in mind. So, keep reading to know more!  

Table Of Contents  

1. What Is MSG In Food?  

2. Why Is MSG Added To Food?  

3. 5 Effects Of MSG On The Digestive System   

4. How Does MSG Affect The Brain? 

5. Dietitian’s Recommendation  

6. The Final Say  

7. FAQs  

8. References  

What Is MSG In Food?  

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavour enhancer commonly added to various processed and restaurant foods. It is a sodium salt derived from glutamic acid, a naturally found amino acid in various foods such as tomatoes, cheese, and mushrooms. MSG is primarily used to enhance the savoury taste known as umami, which is considered sweet, bitter, sour and salty, along with the fifth basic taste. 

One notable study published in the Indian Journal of Medical Research examined the effects of MSG consumption on participants over an extended period. The study concluded that moderate intake of MSG in food did not pose significant health risks for the general population. However, it emphasised the importance of regulating its use in processed foods to prevent excessive consumption.   

However, numerous scientific studies and regulatory bodies have concluded that MSG is safe for consumption when used in appropriate amounts. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, it is Generally Recognised as Safe (GRAS).  

Also Read: List Of 5 Essential Nutrients With Tips For Ensuring Nutrient Adequacy!  

Why Is MSG Added To Food?  

Let’s explore the reasons why MSG is added to food:  

1. To Improve Flavors  

MSG acts as a flavour amplifier, enhancing the natural taste of ingredients in a dish. It heightens the savoury notes, bringing out the richness and depth of flavours, making even simple dishes more satisfying to the palate.  

2. For Balancing flavors  

In culinary preparations with multiple ingredients, achieving a balance of flavours is crucial for a well-rounded taste experience. MSG in food helps smooth out any sharp or overpowering flavours, ensuring no single taste dominates and creating a harmonious blend of sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami.  

3. Masking Undesirable Tastes  

Certain foods may possess inherent off-flavours or bitterness due to their natural composition or processing methods. MSG can suppress these undesirable tastes without altering the overall flavour profile, making the food more enjoyable and palatable to consumers.  

4. Shelf-Life Extension  

Maintaining freshness and flavour over an extended period in processed foods is essential for consumer satisfaction. MSG contributes to the perception of freshness by enhancing the flavours of the ingredients, even as the product ages. It can help extend the shelf life of packaged foods, reducing the risk of spoilage and food waste.  

5. Reduced Sodium Content  

Excessive sodium consumption is linked to various health issues, including hypertension and cardiovascular disease. By incorporating MSG into food formulations, manufacturers can reduce the need for high salt levels without sacrificing taste. This enables them to create products with lower sodium content, aligning with consumer preferences for healthier options without compromising flavour.  

Also Read: Discover 11 Low-Sodium Diet Foods For Weight And Blood Pressure Management  

5 Effects Of MSG On The Digestive System  

Since its research is limited to date, let’s understand how MSG might affect your digestion as seen in some cases:  

1. Increased Gastric Acid Secretion  

MSG consumption stimulates the secretion of gastric acid in your stomach, leading to symptoms such as heartburn, acid reflux, and stomach discomfort in some individuals. This heightened acidity may exacerbate existing gastrointestinal conditions and contribute to digestive discomfort.  

2. Disruption Of Gut Barrier Function  

MSG could compromise the integrity of the gut barrier, allowing non-considerable substances to leak into your bloodstream and triggering inflammatory responses in the digestive tract. This disruption of gut barrier function may contribute to developing or exacerbating digestive disorders and other systemic health issues.  

3. Exacerbation Of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Symptoms  

The symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), such as bloating, stomach pain, and changed bowel habits, might worsen after consuming foods containing MSG, as it can irritate the sensitive digestive system. This worsening of IBS symptoms may significantly impact the quality of life for affected individuals and require careful dietary management.  

4. Gut Dysbiosis Imbalance  

MSG intake may disrupt the balance of harmful and beneficial gut bacteria, leading to dysbiosis, an imbalance of gut microbiota, and digestive issues like gas, bloating, and irregular bowel movements. This dysbiosis may impair digestive function and contribute to the development of gastrointestinal symptoms and disorders.  

5. Triggering Food Intolerances  

In some cases, MSG consumption may exacerbate food intolerance symptoms, including lactose intolerance or fructose malabsorption, by increasing gut sensitivity and enhancing the perception of discomfort after consuming triggering foods. This heightened sensitivity to certain food components may lead to digestive distress and necessitate dietary modifications to manage symptoms effectively. 

Also Read: Rotation Diet to Manage Food Intolerances  

How Does MSG Affect The Brain?  

Despite its widespread use in culinary practices worldwide, claims of headaches, nausea, and allergic reactions have led to MSG being vilified as an unhealthy additive, earning it names like "Chinese restaurant syndrome" in popular culture.   

In addition, research conducted by Indian institutes like the NIN (National Institute of Nutrition) and the FSSAI (Food Safety and Standards Authority of India) has provided insights into MSG's effects on health. These studies have contributed to formulating regulations and guidelines governing the use of MSG in food products, ensuring consumer safety.   

Note how MSG in food affects your brain health, as seen in the majority of cases:  

Dietitian’s Recommendation  

As a dietitian, my advice regarding MSG in food is to consume it in moderation. Additionally, focus on balancing your diet with different varieties of nutrient-rich foods to support your overall health. While MSG in food is recognised as a safe ingredient by regulatory bodies, excessive intake may lead to adverse effects in sensitive individuals. If you experience possible adverse reactions, consult a healthcare professional for personalised guidance. Opt for minimally processed food products whenever possible and read labels carefully to identify MSG content.    

Dt. Akshata Gandevikar  

The Final Say  

MSG in food remains a controversial food additive in various processed products, ranging from snacks to fast food. While certain studies have associated MSG consumption with adverse health effects, regulatory agencies like the FDA deem it safe. However, further research is necessary to comprehensively understand MSG's potential short- and long-term impacts on health.  

For people who are sensitive to MSG in food, it is advisable to avoid products containing it. Reading food labels vigilantly can help ensure MSG-free choices and empower consumers to make informed dietary decisions.  

FAQs  

1. Is MSG more harmful than salt?  

No, MSG is considered safer than salt. It contains approximately one-third less sodium than salt. Also, consuming MSG in moderation can help reduce overall sodium intake.  

2. Is MSG the same as Ajinomoto?  

Yes, Ajinomoto is a Japanese brand name for MSG, which is the same substance. It is commonly used in Asian cuisine to enhance flavour.  

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