Sleep Breathing Disorders: Know About Obstructive Apnea With 9 Causes!

Do you experience breathing problems while sleeping? You are not alone. Every year, millions of people suffer from sleep-breathing disorders. Sleep breathing disorders are a group of complications that affect breathing patterns during sleep, leading to significant health issues. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is eventually the most prevalent and concerning. OSA occurs when the throat airway muscles intermittently block the airway during sleep time, causing breathing to stop and start repeatedly.

This disruption in breathing can significantly lead to fragmented sleep, decreased oxygen levels, and increased stress on the cardiovascular system, often resulting in daytime fatigue, cognitive impairments, and a higher risk for conditions such as hypertension, heart disease, and stroke. Understanding the causes of obstructive sleep apnea breathing is crucial for prevention and treatment. Thus, to recognise the causes for early diagnosis and intervention, let’s learn about sleep breathing disorders, their major causes, and obstructive sleep apnea treatment tips.

Table Of Contents

1. What Is Obstructive Sleep Apnea? Major Sleep Breathing Disorder!

2. What Causes Breathing Problems During Sleep?

3. What Is The Major Cause Of Sleep Apnea?

4. How Do You Stop Sleep Apnea Prevention?

5. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment

6. Expert’s Advice 

7. The Final Say

8. FAQs

9. References

What Is Obstructive Sleep Apnea? Major Sleep Breathing Disorder!

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a major sleep breathing disorder characterised by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep. These interruptions, or apneas, occur when the airway becomes blocked, preventing air from passing through the windpipe. This blockage can lead to a drop in blood oxygen levels, triggering the brain's survival reflex to wake the individual just enough to resume breathing. This cycle can happen often throughout the night, leading to poor sleep.

Common symptoms of OSA include loud, intermittent snoring, noticeable pauses in breathing during sleep, and excessive daytime sleepiness. OSA is distinguished by the complete (apnea) or partial (hypopnea) collapse of the upper airway, which results in decreased oxygen saturation or frequent awakenings. These sleep disruptions can lead to many symptoms, which are also dangerous.

In addition to snoring and daytime fatigue, OSA can cause cognitive impairments, mood changes, and increased serious health conditions chances such as hypertension, heart disease, and stroke. If you suspect you do have sleep apnea, it is crucial to consult a doctor for appropriate testing and treatment to prevent these potentially serious health consequences.

Also Read: Central Sleep Apnea Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment

What Causes Breathing Problems During Sleep?

Breathing problems during sleep are usually caused by a blockage in the upper airway, usually airway tissue. This airway obstruction can cause the tongue to press against the soft palate or throat, making breathing difficult. In some cases, upper and lower airway obstruction may occur. Difficulty breathing during sleep may also be caused by sleep apnea, which is when breathing suddenly stops and starts during sleep. 

A variety of factors, including excessive obesity, smoking, and family history, can cause sleep apnea. This is a serious concern that leads to health problems, including heightened blood pressure and heart disease. 

• Narrowing and closing of the pharynx during sleep is a complex phenomenon in which many factors influence its onset.

• Sleep-related reduced respiratory drive, neuromuscular abnormalities, and anatomical risk factors likely contribute to upper airway obstruction during sleep.

• Anatomical factors contributing to pharyngeal stenosis include a large neck circumference, soft tissue, bone, or blood vessels.

• Many of these structures increase ambient pressure in the upper airway, which can result in pharyngeal collapse and/or insufficient space to accommodate airflow in the upper airway portion during sleep.

• Additionally, decreased muscle tone in the upper respiratory tract plays an important role, leading to repeated complete or partial collapse of the respiratory tract.

• The most common causes of OSA in adults are obesity, male sex, and old age. After adjusting for BMI, the severity of OSA decreases with age.

Also Read: Therapy For Sleep Apnea: Symptoms, Treatment & Benefits!

What Is The Major Cause Of Sleep Apnea?

Well, obstructive sleep apnea usually occurs when the muscles surrounding the neck naturally relax while a person sleeps. During the day, these muscles open the airways and make breathing easier. As these muscles relax during sleep, the airways may narrow or close, reducing the space available for airflow. 

For most people, this is a narrowing of the airway. It does not cause any problems during sleep. In people predisposed to OSA, such as those with congenitally narrowed necks, more severe narrowing of the neck can lead to obstruction and failed suction attempts. Attempting to breathe through blocked or narrow airways can cause abnormally high levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and fragmented sleep. 

Depending on the severity, airway obstruction may be hypopnea or apnea. The episode may be called hypopnea if the airflow is reduced by over 30% for over 10 seconds. Apnea is a decrease in airflow of more than 90% for at least 10 seconds. 

Anyone can develop obstructive sleep apnea. However, let’s explore these factors that increase your sleep-breathing disorder risk:

1. Excessive Muscle Relaxation

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs when the back muscles of the throat relax excessively during sleep. These muscles support structures such as the soft palate, uvula, tonsils, and tongue and help keep the airway open. When they relax too much, the airway can narrow or close entirely, interrupting normal breathing for at least 10 seconds. This disruption leads to reduced oxygen levels and increased carbon dioxide in the blood, causing fragmented sleep and frequent awakenings.

2. Obesity

Excessive obesity is a leading cause of obstructive sleep apnea. Excess fat around the upper airway can compress the throat, making it likely to collapse suddenly during sleep. Also, causes of obesity conditions like hypothyroidism and polycystic ovary syndrome further exacerbate the risk. These conditions can lead to additional weight gain and inflammation, further obstructing the airway and complicating breathing during sleep. Effective management of body weight can significantly reduce the severity of OSA.

3. Old Age

The chance of developing obstructive sleep apnea increases with age, particularly between the ages of 60 and 70. As people age, muscle tone decreases, and the throat becomes more prone to collapse during sleep. Structural changes in the airway, such as slight narrowing due to ageing tissues, can also contribute. Enlarged tonsils or adenoids are more common in older adults and can further block the airway, increasing the risk and severity of sleep apnea.

4. High Blood Pressure

Heightened blood pressure (hypertension) is both a cause and a consequence of obstructive sleep apnea. Hypertension completely damages the blood vessels and increases the likelihood of clogged arteries, which can restrict airflow. The inflammation associated with high blood pressure can also lead to swollen airway tissues, making breathing more difficult. Repeated patterns of episodes of your body’s low oxygen levels during sleep can also cause or worsen high blood pressure, creating a vicious cycle between the two conditions.

5. Chronic Nasal Congestion

Chronic nasal congestion, whether due to allergies, sinus problems, or anatomical issues, doubles the risk of obstructive sleep apnea. Persistent congestion due to cold weather and a dry nose, plus inconsistent sleeping, narrows the nasal passages, forcing individuals to breathe from their mouths and increasing the likelihood of airway collapse during sleep. This condition leads to frequent awakenings and poor sleep quality, further contributing to sleep apnea symptoms.

6. Smoking

Smoking significantly increases the risk of obstructive sleep apnea. The chemicals in tobacco products smoke cause inflammation and excessive swelling in the upper airway, making it more prone to obstruction. Additionally, smoking damages the lung tissues, reducing their ability to function effectively and further complicating breathing during sleep. The inflammation and also increased mucus production associated with smoking exacerbate the likelihood of airway collapse and sleep apnea episodes.

7. Diabetes

Diabetes is closely linked with obstructive sleep apnea. People with diabetes often have higher incidences of obesity and hypertension, which are major considerations for OSA. Diabetes can also cause neuropathy, which affects the nerves controlling the airway muscles, making them more prone to collapse during sleep. Additionally, insulin resistance and inflammation associated with diabetes can contribute to structural changes in the airway, increasing the risk of sleep apnea.

8. Family History Of Sleep Apnea

A family history of having obstructive sleep apnea increases the risk of developing the condition due to genetic factors. These genetic predispositions can include structural traits like a naturally narrow airway, larger tonsils, or a higher likelihood of muscle relaxation during sleep. Inherited conditions like obesity and specific facial structures can also contribute to an increased risk, suggesting that both anatomical and hereditary factors play a role in the development of OSA.

9. Asthma

Having asthma is associated with an increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea. The chronic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness seen in asthma can lead to nocturnal breathing difficulties and poor sleep quality. Asthma exacerbations can cause swelling and mucus production in the airways, further narrowing the passages and increasing the likelihood chances of airway collapse during sleep. This relationship between asthma and sleep apnea underscores the importance of managing both conditions effectively to improve respiratory health and sleep quality.

Also Read: Sleep-Eating Disorder: Symptoms, Treatment & More

How Do You Stop Sleep Apnea Prevention?

Consider these tips to stop obstructive sleep apnea and other sleep breathing disorders:

1. Stick To A sleep schedule 

Although there is no cure for sleep apnea, practising good sleep hygiene is one of the most important components of healthy sleep. Try to keep the same bedtime and waketime every day of the week. “Research shows that most adults feel and function best when they get a regular seven to nine hours of sleep per night.” 

2. Use Airway Pressure (CPAP) Machine Correctly. 

The most effective treatment for reducing sleep apnea is a mask called CPAP worn at night. This mask delivers increased air pressure to the airways, keeping them open and preventing the throat from collapsing. This air pressure is forced into the back of the throat, keeping it open when the neck muscles relax too much while sleeping. The key to CPAP therapy is finding the right mask and machine for you, cleaning your CPAP components frequently, and properly washing your face before wearing them at night. 

3. Work In Sleeping Position

Although everyone has their preferred sleeping position, changing your sleeping position may help relieve sleep apnea symptoms. Sleep on your side, keeping your back almost straight. Practice stretches before bed for calm sleep. “It is the best sleeping position because it reduces apnea and snoring.” It can also put additional stress on your shoulders, hips, and spine but can help maintain proper spinal alignment. This is where the right pillow can help. Sleeping on your stomach may reduce apnea severity because gravity pulls you to your side.

4. Invest In The Right Pillow 

You may be surprised that pillows come in all shapes, styles, pressures, heights, and firmness. There is no best pillow brand for sleep apnea, but choosing the best pillow based on your preferences and sleeping position is a good idea. If you sleep on your side, look for a thick pillow that aligns your neck and reduces pressure on your shoulders. If you sleep on your back, buy a thin pillow. If you sleep on your stomach, look for a thinner pillow. The goal is to maintain the natural position of the spine. 

5. Humidify Your Bedroom 

Installing a humidifier in your bedroom may help relieve dry mouth symptoms associated with sleep apnea and CPAP use. A humidifier may help relieve sore throat symptoms, dry mouth, and congestion in a dry climate. “Some people with consistent sleep apnea benefit from using a CPAP humidifier and having a separate humidifier in the bedroom.” “Use clean water daily and regularly replace recommended parts.” 

Also Read: 5 Yoga For Better Sleep Quality With 4-7-8 Sleep Trick!

6. Change Your Dietary Habits And Lifestyle

Another important step in improving your condition is to make healthy changes to your regular diet and lifestyle. Eat a balanced, healthy diet full of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. 

7. Try To Lose  Excess Weight 

Causes of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Obesity is a major cause of consistent sleep apnea. Doctors usually recommend that people of every age with sleep apnea lose weight. Obesity, especially upper body obesity, can increase the risk of airway obstruction and nasal narrowing. These barriers can cause sudden or prolonged cessation of breathing during sleep. 

8. Prioritize Exercising 

Regular exercise can significantly help improve muscle tone and reduce snoring and breathing problems. Regular exercise increases energy levels, strengthens the heart, and reduces sleep apnea. Yoga can specifically improve breathing and stimulate oxygen flow. Sleep apnea is directly associated with decreased oxygen saturation in the blood. Yoga can improve oxygen levels through a variety of breathing exercises. 

9. Avoid Alcohol Before Going To Bed

Alcohol can relax throat muscles, which can lead to snoring and difficulty breathing. Making lifestyle changes and modifications can improve your health and sleep. To reduce the complications of sleep apnea, it is recommended to limit alcohol intake. 

10. Quit Smoking Issue 

Smoking irritates the throat pathway and increases mucus production, which can cause breathing difficulties during sleep. Like alcohol, regular smoking can cause inflammation and swelling in the airways. Snoring and sleep apnea may increase.

Also Read: Causes Of Snoring In Women With Self-Help Strategies

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment

Note these treatment methods usually opted to treat sleep breathing disorders for reference:

Expert’s Advice 

It has been concluded that breathing problems during sleep are dangerous to one's health. The consequences can continue to grow and should not be ignored. Additionally, breathing problems during sleep can be addressed through various treatments. People with sleep apnea need to get enough sleep every night. In addition to following your prescribed treatment plan, you can improve your sleep by practising basic sleep hygiene.

Dt. Lavina Chauhan

The Final Say

Thus, obstructive sleep apnea is a common condition affecting the sleep quality of millions of people worldwide. This sleep-breathing disorder condition prevents you from getting enough quality sleep, leaving you feeling tired and exhausted. This condition also increases the risk of life-threatening heart and circulation problems, including stroke. However, you can adapt to or even overcome this condition with treatment and get the restful sleep you need.

FAQs

1. How long does obstructive sleep apnea last?

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic (long-term) condition. While some individuals may see improvement or resolution through weight loss or certain treatments, for many, it remains a lifelong issue. Lifestyle changes, such as losing excessive weight and avoiding alcohol, can help manage symptoms. However, without these changes and appropriate treatment, OSA typically persists.

2. What happens if you have obstructive sleep apnea?

OSA can seriously disrupt your life and increase life-threatening complications like cardiovascular disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. Even without severe complications, people with OSA experience poor sleep quality and chronic fatigue. This can lead to excessive daytime sleepiness, increasing the risk of accidents and negatively impacting work, hobbies, and social activities. Additionally, untreated OSA can lead to complications like diabetes, liver problems, and metabolic syndrome.

3. Is obstructive sleep apnea contagious?

No, OSA is not contagious. It cannot be passed on to or acquired from another person. OSA is related to physical and genetic factors, such as obesity, anatomical features, and family history. Bacteria or viruses do not cause it, so it does not spread from person to person.

References

• https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-apnea/treatment

• https://www.helpguide.org/articles/sleep/sleep-apnea.htm

• https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-apnea

• https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-apnea/obstructive-sleep-apnea

• https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24443-obstructive-sleep-apnea-osa

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459252/

• https://mantracare.org/therapy/sleep/breathing-problems-while-sleeping-causes-and-solutions/

• https://www.bannerhealth.com/healthcareblog/better-me/sleeping-like-a-baby-when-you-have-obstructive-sleep-apnea

About ToneOp

ToneOp is a platform dedicated to improving and maintaining good health through a comprehensive range of goal-oriented health plans with up to 3 Coach support. With a range of Weight Management, Medical Condition, Detox Plans, and Face Yoga Plans, the app also provides premium health trackers, recipes and health content. Get customised diet, fitness, naturopathy & yoga plans and transform yourself with ToneOp.